Process of making liquid fuel.



Patenteil humans :5. wears, on mass s'r; Louis, instincts.

. rieoenss tannins mourn Application file-ii fuecemlier 1211.3. iterial it'o. uWJlYII.

To all whom it may copccm:

Be it lniown that 1., CHARLES Where, a, citizen of the United States, residin at East, St.'Louis, in the county oi St. C air and State of Illinois, have invented newand useful improvements in the ?rocess of Male.

ing Liqui Fuel, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in liquid fuel. and more particularly to a fuel of thischeracter especially'adapted for use in internal combustionengines and to the process of making this fuel. v

The object of this invention is to produce a. liquid fuel particularly adapted for use in internal combustion engines which will have a ready flash oint but low burning point, and which wi l possess great explosive power and produce but little smoke.

It is the further obj ect of this invention to produce this fuelv by combining with a pctroleum distillate a coal tar distillatennd also blending alcohol with the two distil-' lates.

\Vhile the preferred forum of the apparatus used for making this improved fuel is illustrated upon the accompanying sheet of .drawing yet it is to be understood that:

minor detail changes may be made therein or a different form of apparatus employing the same principal may be used Without departing from the scope of this invention.

Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a furnace employed in the preferred apparatus used in producing this improved fuel. Fig; 2 is a top plan view partly in section and with parts broken away of this furnace and the preferred form of separating tank. Fig. 3 is a View in section taken trans versely through one of the furnace retorts. In producing this improved fuel it is preferable to use a petroleum distillate having an ordinary specific gravitygreater than naphtha or gasolene and the particular petroleum distillate especially adapted for this purpose is kerosene which has a low flash and a low burning point. The coal tar discohol will not mix with the petroleum dis tilla e. I have discovered that by mixing a sine "iuantity of the benzol as treated thisdinproved process with alcohol it will readily mini with lIiBIOSQHQyg O that the three can" be combined to give desired iltlaii and burning point. 7 y

in the preparation oi this :luei is no sary to treat both. the kerosene and bci in a certain manner, as the commercial sene contains a. certain amount asphait carbon and greasy substances held in solution in the distillate and should. be retrieved to give the refined product a low boiling point and more complete combustion. fllh'e commercial benzol contains in solution a percentage of the tar from which it is made and burns with a heavy smoke. which is most undesirable in liquid fuel of this charactor, and the tarry substances should be re;

moved so that the refined product will be leaving a space between the two pipes which space is filled with steam, the pipes are then formed into a coil-of any desired shape and placed within the furnace in which the heat is applied to the outer pipe oi the coil 021,115" ing the coil contained within the inclosed pipe to be subjected to a high degree of heat and disintegrate or break up the globules of the oil. The distillate when so treated is then placed in a suitable settling tank hav ing a temperature below that at which the heaviest material will boil, the distillate will separate and the heaviest portion will precipitate and remain in the separator allowing the lighter distillate to pass over into a second separator of the same character. and then on to a condenser. The light oil thus produced is then treated in tlxdordinary Way of treating kerosene to an. inn and then remove the remaining hoary substances.

The niethodo'l refining the benzol is the some as that used in refining the l'erosene and the refined product of the benzol will hereinafter be referred to in this application as benzolin. 'lihc refining of the herosene and the lJt-lllZOl may take place separately and the refined products mined as they will readily combine and form a chemical combinatipn or, preferred, the keroscne and benzol may be first combined in the proportions to give the desired flash of burning point and then refined together in.

"ill

a single operation. When it is desired to blend alcohol with the refined kerosene and benzolin a small quantity of the benzolin is mixed with the alcohol and then the two will combine with the refined kerosene.

The drawing illustrates one form of apparatus for refining the kerosene and benzol.

his apparatus comprises a furnace 1 through the side walls of which passes a plurality of retorts 2 which are held suspended above the fire box of the furnace. The retorts are closed at each end and preferably extend a slight distance beyond each side Wall.

An oil pipe or conduit 3 leading from a source of oil supply, not shown, passes through one end of the retort t one end of the series, continues through, passes out the other end, and is then brought back again through the retort and over into the next adjacent retort, and passes through this retort in the same manner and through each one in the series. The oil pipe from the last retorts is connected to a separating tank 4 hereinafter described.

A steam. pipe 5 leading from a source of steam supply, not shown, enters one end of the end retort of the series and the steam after passing about the oil pipe is then lead I by a pipe (iinto the next ad acent retort and .so on through the entire series. The steam and the oil from scorching or becoming too hot and forming gas. Thermometers 8 are preferably placed in the oil pipe where it passes from one retort to the other. A sufficient number of retorts are used to insure a sufficient length of oil pipes inclosed therein to impart the desired degree of heat and the exact degree of heat may be regulated by inspecting the thermometers to cause the oil to disintegrate and pass over in a form of a vapor to the separator t.

The separator t is a closed vessel to which is lead through a pipe 9 the vapor from the oil pipe of the last retort. A coil within the separator is connected at one end with the steam pipe 7 and thelength of this steam coil is such that the temperature within the separator is just low enough to cause the heavy part of the vapor to condense and precipitate, the lighter vapors advancing through the pipe 11 into a second separator 12. The other end of the steam coil 10 is connected by a pipe 13 to a similar steam coil 14 within the second separator 12. A drain cock 15 is provided at the bottom of the separators for drawing ofi' the condcnsed liquids.

The second separator 12 is of similar construction to the first separator 4 and the temperature in the second separator is regulated so as to condense any remaining noncombustible matter in the distillate. The vapor in the second separator is conducted by the pipe 16 to a condenser of any desired form, not shown, from which the refined distillate is drawn in liquid form.

As previously stated the benzol may be treated separately in the same manner when it is desired to blend alcohol with the herosene. In such case the alcohol is mixed with the refined benzol or benzolin in the proper proportions and then added to the refined kerosene.

When it is desired to use a mixture of the two distillates alone, the kerosene and benzol may be mixed in the proper proportionsandthe mixture run through the pipe 3 in the retorts, through the settling tanks t and 11, and then condensed to form the liquid fuel.

What I claim is:

1. The process of producing a liquid fuel comprising the treatment of kerosene and benzol with heat sufficient to vaporize them, subjecting the vapor to a lower degree of heat sufficient to condense the heavier properties and then condensing the remaining vapors.

.2. The process of producing a liquid fuel Comprising the passing of kerosene and benzol through a pipe leading back and forth through a retort containing superheated steam subjected to the heat of the furnace, leading the vapor so formed into a scparating tank containing a steam coil and having a suliicient lesser dqgree of heat than the retort, whereby certain of the heavier properties of the vaporized oil are condensed, leading the va or therefrom into a second separating tan heat, than the first, whereby the remaining heavier properties and foreign matter are condensed, and condensing the remaining vapor? 3. The process of roducing a liquid fuel comprising the com ining of a petroleum distillate with a coal tar distillate, initially vaporizing the combined liquids in small quantities, subjecting the Vapor so formed to successive lower degrees of heat, and then condensing the remaining vapor.

CHARLES H. WARTH.

Witnesses:

Tnos. Borne, BEN ALTHEIMER, Jr.

having a lesser degree of 

